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Last week FIVE PEOPLE were KILLED due to a GAS EXPLOSION in Allentown, Pennsylvania. In DISGUST of hearing how once again a VIOLENT GAS EXPLOSION has TAKEN NUMEROUS LIVES, I thought it appropriate to provide some detailed information regarding the amount of lives lost in severe accidents with respect to energy source. It is also important to ask WHY these ACCIDENTS CONTINUE TO OCCUR.
Recently, the Nuclear Energy Agency, of the Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD), published a report [1] that compares nuclear accident risks with those from other energy sources. The OECD is a forum where the governments of 32 democracies work together to address the economic, social, and environmental challenges of globalization. The OECD attempts to compare policy experiences, seek answers to common problems, identify good practice, and work to coordinate domestic and international policies [1].
The report compares the severe accident data from a wide range of energy sources. Severe accident is defined in the report as an accident with five or more immediate fatalities. The data, ranging from 1969 to 2000, was provided by the Paul Scherrer Institute [2]. The results considered full energy chains because for fossil fuel chains, the accidents at plants are minor compared to the other stages of the energy chain. In general and as applicable, an energy chain comprises exploration, extraction, transport, storage, power and/or heat generation, transmission, local distribution, waste treatment and disposal.
Summary of Severe Accidents (≥ 5 Fatalities) from 1969-2000 [1,2]
|
Energy Chain
|
OECD Countries
(Industrialized)
|
Non-OECD Countries
(Developing)
|
Worldwide
|
|
Accidents
|
Immediate Fatalities
|
Accidents
|
Immediate Fatalities
|
Accidents
|
Immediate Fatalities
|
|
Coal
|
75
|
2,259
|
102 A
|
4,831 A
|
1,221
|
25,107
|
|
1,044 B
|
18,017 B
|
|
819 C
|
11,334 C
|
|
Oil
|
165
|
3,713
|
232
|
16,505
|
397
|
20,218
|
|
Natural Gas
|
90
|
1,043
|
45
|
1,000
|
135
|
2,043
|
|
Liquefied
Petroleum Gas |
59
|
1,905
|
46
|
2,016
|
105
|
3,921
|
|
Hydro
|
1
|
14
|
10
|
29,924
|
11
|
29,938
|
| Nuclear |
0
|
0
|
1
|
31D
|
1
|
31
|
|
Notes:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A - Coal, Non-OECD Countries, excluding China
|
|
B - Coal, Non-OECD, data for China alone from 1969-2000
|
|
C - Coal, Non-OECD, China data from the years 1994 -1999 only; the extreme number likely indicates inconsistencies in reporting before 1994
|
|
D - Immediate fatalities only
|
|
|
|
|
More than 2,500 people are killed every year in energy-related severe accidents (≥ 5 fatalities). One hydro power incident that occurred in China was responsible for 29,924 deaths. Single oil related accidents in the Philippines and Afghanistan caused 4,386 and 2,700 prompt fatalities respectively [1].
The one nuclear severe accident that has occurred is the Chernobyl (Ukraine) accident. There were 31 immediate fatalities following this accident, with latent deaths estimated to be between a total of 9,000 and 33,000 over the next 70 years based on current radiation dose risk coefficients [1]. By way of comparison, the OECD reports that outdoor air pollution due to fine particles (≤ 10 microns) is estimated to have caused approximately 960,000 premature deaths in 2000 alone. Of this pollution, approximately 30 % arises from energy sources [1].
Production of electricity by means of NUCLEAR ENERGY DOES NOT PRODUCE CARBON EMISSIONS.
As we can all agree, the death of a human being due to generating electricity is unacceptable; however, it is necessary to understand that improper design of a containment structure, disregard for safety procedures, and human error lead to the disaster that occurred at Chernobyl.
Existing NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS and the recently proposed units utilize a “DEFENSE-IN-DEPTH” approach to NUCLEAR SAFETY. This means that there are MULTIPLE SAFETY MEASURES that are provided to PREVENT such an accident from occurring due to mechanical or human error. Also, in the extremely unlikely event such an accident does occur, the PUBLIC IS PROTECTED by the reactor containment structure that is conservatively designed to withstand accident conditions.
Not one person has died as a direct result of the nuclear fission process utilized to generate electricity at commercial nuclear reactors in the US.
The Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) monitors key indicators that support an INCREASE in SAFETY and RELIABILITY at NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS in the US. Please see previous article, “Myth: As Nuclear Power Plants Age, They Become More Risky,” which provides trends that support increased safety at US nuclear reactors. Another important statistic is the capacity factor of a plant. This is the ratio of actual electricity generated to the amount of electricity the plant is capable of producing. The capacity factory for US nuclear power plants collectively in the 1970s was near 50%. Currently the average capacity factor for US nuclear power plants is above 90% [3]. This increase in generation output is the result of an INDUSTRY FOCUSED on SAFETY and RELIABILITY.
The protection of the public, workers, and the environment from radiation has been the primary objective of operators and regulatory authorities since the start of the civilian nuclear power industry. It is the responsibility of all individuals working in the NUCLEAR industry, INCLUDING MYSELF, to perform all tasks to the HIGHEST STANDARDS and to stand firm when nuclear safety is being challenged. The SAFE operation of NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS is by far the most significant factor in the SUCCESS and GROWTH OF AN INDUSTRY that is poised to SHAPE our CLEAN ENERGY FUTURE.
ACCIDENTS continue to occur around the world, including the 2009 HYDRO PLANT DISASTER in Russia that claimed the lives of 76 individuals, the BP OIL SPILL in the Gulf of Mexico last year, and GAS EXPLOSIONS such as the one last week.
The time is now to ask why these accidents continue to occur and why we are not taking advantage of NUCLEAR POWER; a CLEAN, PROVEN, BASE-LOAD ENERGY TECHNOLOGY that this country was the first to develop and benefit from.
The safety and operational history of the nuclear power industry should not only be commended, it should also be a major contributor in the current decisions and legislation to address the future energy demands of this nation. Addressing the ENERGY NEEDS of society in a way that is both SAFE and RELIABLE is of the utmost importance to ensure a solid clean energy future; rather than doing it at the expense of human lives.
References
[1] Nuclear Energy Agency, Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD) Report, 2010
[2] Paul Scherrer Institute Data Report
[3] Nuclear Energy Institute (NEI) - Capacity Factor